Ibyo Ukeneye Kumenya Utsindire Amasoko ya Leta (Igice Cya Mbere)
Ikipe y'abasesenguzi ba KudiBooks yakoze isesengura ukuntu amasoko y'ibigo bya leta atangwa, igamije guha amakuru no guhugura ba Rwiyemezamirimo bafite bizinesi ntoya ko nabo bishoboka ko bahatana mu gutsindira amasoko atangwa n'ibigo bya leta y'u Rwanda.
Dore amakuru ukeneye kumenya ku amasoko ya leta y'u Rwanda:
- Ni he wakura amakuru ajyanye n'amasoko ya leta? Leta y'u Rwanda yashyizeho ikigo cyayo kigenda gishinzwe gukurikirana no gutanga amasoko ya leta. Ikigo mu myaka ishize cyari kizwi nka National Tender Board ariko ubu kitwa National Public Procurement Authority (NPPA). Iki kigo rero gifite sisitemu (urubuga) ruzwi kw'izina ry'umucyo aho amakuru yamasoko ari kuboneka ndetse n'ibigo bya leta bifiye ayo masoko. Kugira ubone ayo makuru wasura urubuga www.umucyo.gov.rw . Uru rubuga niho wakura amakuru yose y'amasoko ahari ya leta ndetse n'ibigo biyatanga.
- Ubwoko bw'amasoko ya leta atangwa ni ubuhe? Ibigo bya leta bigira amasoko atandukanye. Hari amasoko yo gutanga serivisi zitandukanye ku bigo bya leta, hakaba Hari n'amasoko yo gutanga ibintu bifatika bitewe nikigo ibyo gikeneye. Urugero mudasobwa, intebe z'ibiro, ibikorwa by'isuku…
- Ni ibihe bigo bya leta bitanga amasoko? Buri kigo cyose cya leta uko cyimeze kose gitegetswe gutanga amasoko binyuze mu isoko kandi kikamenyesha ikigo cya leta cyibishinzwe National Public Procurement Authority. Hanyuma amasoko yemewe aca kuri ruriya rubuga twavuze haruguru.
- Ni gute ikigo gihitamo rwiyemezamirimo watsindiye isoko? Icya mbere rwiyemezamirimo agomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa ngo abashe kuba yahatana mu masoko atandukanye atangwa n'ibigo bya leta. Icya kabiri ni uko iyo umaze gutanga ubusabe bwo guhatana mw'isoko, icyo kigo mu mucyo gitanga amanota hakurikijwe isoko. Hari forumire ikoreshwa mu gutanga amanota NCB (National Competitive Bidding)/QCBS (Quality-Based Selection, Selection Based on Qualifications ), tubigenekereje ni uko uhabwe amanota bitewe na dosiye watanze kandi buri kantu gasabwa kaba gafite amanota. Utageje ku manita 70% ntabwo isoko waritsindira. Ikindi isoko ryose iyo ribuze ba rwiyemezamirimo bahatanye bagira 70% y'amanota, barisubiza kurubuga kugeza habonetse uwagize amanota menshi kurusha abandi.
- Ni ibiki bigendarwaho mu gutanga amanota? Nkuko mungingo ya ruguru hari forimire bakoresha batanga amanota. Rwiyemezamirimo mw'izina rya sosiyete ye y'ubucuruzi atanga dosiye ye muri sisitemu y'umucyo ku urubuga www.umucyo.gov.rw iyo dosiye ye iba igizwe n'ibice bibiri ari byo: Technical Proposal (Igice cya dosiye kenshi cyibanda kuri tekiniki uzakoresha ngo isoko rikorwe neza, amakuru ku abakozi, imiterere ya sosiyete yawe y'ubucuruzi ndetse nandi makuru) na Financial Proposal (Igice cya dosiye kivuga amafaranga uca ikigo cya leta kiri gutanga isoko). Buri gice rero kiba gifite uburyo amanota atangwa kandi buri soko riba ryerekana uko amanota azagenda atangwa. (Byimbitse tuzaba amakuru yuko bikorwa mubindi bice byiyi nkuru)
- Ese ba Rwiyemezamirimo bakwishyira hamwe bagahatanira isoko rya leta? Yego birashoboka ko ba Rwiyemezamirimo bashyira amaboko yabo hamwe bakaba bahatanira isoko rimwe kandi ari babiri cyangwa batatu bakoreshee sosiyete zabo z'ubucuruzi. Mundimi zamahanga mu masowo babyita “ Consortium”. Icyo gihe buri sosiyete ishyira kumukono nyandiko ko zemeje gushyira hamwe ngo zihatanire isoko.
- Ni gute umenya ibisabwa? Nkuko twabyanditseho, buri soko ry'ikigo cya leta riba rifite urupapuro rugizwe nama paje menshi asobanura ibisabwa kugira umuntu ahatane isoko. Usibye n'ibisabwa hari ibyo buri soko riba rigenderaho. Byose biba bikubiye muri iyo dosiye itangwa ni ikigo cya leta gifite isoko. Iyo dosiye izwi cyane mururimi rw'icyongereza nka Request for Proposals (RFP) na Terms of Reference (ToR).
- NI gute wiyandikisha ngo uhatane mu masoko ya leta? Bisaba guca kurubuga rw'umucyo arirwo www.umucyo.gov.rw amategeko n'amabwiriza uyasangaho. Usibyeko hari aba ajenti (agent) b'irembo bagufasha kumenya uko wibaruza uniyandikisha kurubuga rw'ikigo gishinzwe amasoko y'ibigo bya leta.
Amakuru ajyanye n'amasoko y'ibigo bya leta ni menshi, twifuje ko twayabasangiza mu bice bitandukanye. Komeza usoma inkuru zanditse kuri uru rubuga rwa KudiBooks.